It is very important to not confuse display server with desktop environment. There are three display server protocols available in Linux. X11 and Wayland are two of them. The third, Mir , is beyond the scope of this tutorial. X Window System , often referred to merely as X, is really old. First originating in , it ended up being the default windowing system for most UNIX-like operating systems, including Linux.
Org server is the free and open-source implementation of the X Window System display server stewarded by the X. Org Foundation.
It is an application that interacts with client applications via the X11 protocol to draw things on a display and to send input events like mouse movements, clicks, and keystrokes. Typically, one would start an X server which will wait for clients applications to connect to it. At the time X was developed, it was very common that the X server would run on a workstation and the users would run applications on a remote computer with more processing power.
X11 is a network protocol. It describes how messages are exchanged between a client application and the display server. But X11 is old, and it was still a pile of hacks sitting on top of a protocol not truly overhauled for over 30 years. Most Linux distributions have the X server installed, but if your personal computer is running Windows or macOS, you will most likely need to install and run an X server application. For example:. Additionally, your personal computer's SSH terminal application must have X11 forwarding enabled:.
Also, the remote computer's SSH application must be configured to accept X server connections. To test if X forwarding is working, try running xclock ; on the command line, enter:. If X forwarding is working, the xclock graphical clock will appear on your personal computer's desktop. To ask a question or get help regarding Research Technologies services, including IU's research supercomputers and research storage systems, and the scientific, statistical, and mathematical applications available on those systems, contact UITS Research Technologies.
Although X terminals really did not catch on, the X windowing system did become the standard graphical system for graphical programs running in Unix and Linux environments. These systems use the X11 protocol to draw graphics to their local video display. The local display is treated as a remote display that just happens to be on the same machine. X-windowing applications can still be run remotely, but people usually don't do that. This functionality is also usually restricted these days due to security reasons.
Because of the way it works, if there were no security someone else on a network could start an application that displays on your display! Can you tell which apps are running locally under Deskview and which are running on a remote Solaris Unix server? In this picture the only applications that are running locally on the computer the Remote Program Launcher, the AppManager and the DeskView window manager. The rest are X11 apps that are running on a remote Solaris server. To get this to work you basically need an X11 server running on your local workstation.
Download and install VcxSrv. Locate the downloaded file on your local machine and double click on it to start the installation process. Select the Yes button when the User Access Control dialog box pops up. On the next window pane, you can choose to enable or disable shortcuts from being created.
Click Next to continue. The "Destination Folder" is where VcXsrv will be installed. Click Install to continue. Download and install the official X server software XQuartz for Mac. Change the default value on Display number field from -1 to 0 just to maintain consistency and prevent X11 from assigning values automatically. Also, uncheck Disable Access Control to prevent other clients on your network from using your X11 server.
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